5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid derived from the arachidonic acid metabolism. It is an important signaling molecule in the human body, involved in various physiological and pathological processes.

Biochemistry

5-HETE is produced through the action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) on arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the phospholipids of cell membranes. The conversion of arachidonic acid to 5-HETE is a key step in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are potent inflammatory mediators.

Function

5-HETE plays a significant role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. It acts as a chemotactic agent, attracting neutrophils and other immune cells to sites of tissue injury or infection. Additionally, 5-HETE is involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.

Clinical Significance

Due to its involvement in inflammatory pathways, 5-HETE has been implicated in various diseases, including asthma, arthritis, and certain types of cancer. Elevated levels of 5-HETE have been observed in tumor tissues, suggesting a role in tumor progression and metastasis.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which 5-HETE influences disease processes and exploring potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, which reduce the production of 5-HETE, are being investigated for their potential to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Also see

• Arachidonic acid
• 5-lipoxygenase
• Leukotrienes
• Eicosanoids
• Inflammation