ACPA

ACPA or Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies are autoantibodies (antibodies directed against one or more of an individual's own proteins) that are frequently detected in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They are used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis.

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. ACPA is a type of antibody that is produced by the immune system and can be found in the blood of people with certain autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.

Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis

ACPA has been found to be a powerful predictor of the development of RA, even years before the onset of clinical symptoms. The presence of ACPA in the blood is associated with more severe disease and joint damage. ACPA testing is now part of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for RA.

Detection

ACPA can be detected in the blood using a simple blood test. This test is often used in conjunction with other tests, such as the rheumatoid factor (RF) test, to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. The ACPA test is more specific for RA than the RF test and can help confirm a diagnosis of RA when the RF test is negative.

Prognosis

The presence of ACPA in the blood is associated with a more severe form of rheumatoid arthritis. People with ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to have bone erosion and joint damage, and they may be less responsive to treatment.

See Also

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Autoimmune diseases
• Antibodies

ACPA Resources
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