Aardwolf

The life of animals (Colored Plate 4) (proteles cristatus)

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Hyaena maculata - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background)

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Hyaena striata - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background)

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Hyaena fusca (white background)

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Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651)

Aardwolf (Proteles cristata) is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. This nocturnal creature is a member of the Hyaenidae family, which also includes the more well-known hyenas. Despite its appearance and family ties, the aardwolf's diet primarily consists of termites and other insects, distinguishing it from its carnivorous relatives.

Description

The aardwolf resembles a small striped hyena, with a slender build and a coat marked by distinct vertical stripes. It has a mane of long hair that runs from the back of the head to the tail, which can be erected to make the animal appear larger when threatened. Adult aardwolves typically weigh between 20 and 30 kilograms (44 to 66 lbs) and have a body length of about 55 to 80 centimeters (22 to 31 inches), with a tail adding another 20 to 25 centimeters (8 to 10 inches).

Habitat

Aardwolves inhabit open, dry plains and bushland, avoiding dense vegetation. They are found across various regions in East and Southern Africa, with their range extending from Ethiopia and Somalia in the north, down to South Africa in the south. Aardwolves are territorial animals, with pairs occupying fixed territories that they mark and defend against intruders.

Diet

Unlike other members of the Hyaenidae family, the aardwolf has a specialized diet, feeding almost exclusively on termites, particularly those of the genus Trinervitermes. It uses its long, sticky tongue to collect the insects, consuming up to 200,000 termites in a single night. The aardwolf's stomach is specially adapted to digest the exoskeletons of the insects, allowing it to derive sufficient nutrients from its diet.

Behavior

Aardwolves are nocturnal, spending the day in burrows and emerging at night to feed. They are generally solitary when foraging but may live in monogamous pairs, with both parents participating in the rearing of their offspring. Aardwolves are known for their shy and elusive nature, avoiding confrontation with predators and humans alike.

Reproduction

The breeding season of aardwolves varies depending on their geographic location, but generally occurs during the warmer months. After a gestation period of approximately 90 days, the female gives birth to two to four cubs. The cubs are born in a den, which is often an abandoned burrow of another animal. They are weaned at around four months of age but may stay with their parents for up to one year or until the next breeding season.

Conservation Status

The aardwolf is currently classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), indicating that it is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild. However, it faces threats from habitat loss and persecution due to the mistaken belief that it preys on livestock. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat protection and education to dispel myths about the aardwolf's diet and behavior.

Cultural Significance

In some African cultures, the aardwolf is regarded with fascination and respect, often featured in folklore and traditional stories. Its unique diet and nocturnal habits contribute to its mysterious image among local populations.