Absolution

Artgate Fondazione Cariplo - Molteni Giuseppe, La confessione

The Last General Absolution of the Munsters at Rue du Bois

When was your last confession

Luther-kirkko, rippituoli

ArticleXIOfConfession

Absolution is a traditional theological term related to the Christian practice of confession and forgiveness. Absolution is the formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment. It is a pronouncement of forgiveness of sins by a priest or bishop, typically in the context of the Sacrament of Confession also known as Reconciliation or Penance, within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and some other Christian denominations.

Overview

In the Christian tradition, absolution is a critical component of the Sacrament of Confession. The act of confessing one's sins to a priest is believed to be based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who, according to the New Testament, gave his disciples the power to forgive sins. This sacrament allows for the penitent (the person confessing) to express remorse for their sins and seek forgiveness from God, with the priest acting as an intermediary. The priest then pronounces absolution, thereby absolving the penitent from their sins.

Biblical Basis

The biblical basis for the practice of absolution can be found in several passages of the New Testament. One of the key scriptures is John 20:23, where Jesus says to his apostles, "If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you withhold forgiveness from any, it is withheld." This verse is often cited as evidence that Jesus granted the apostles, and by extension their successors (the bishops and priests), the authority to forgive sins.

Practice

The practice of absolution varies among different Christian denominations.

Catholic Church

In the Catholic Church, absolution is a part of the Sacrament of Confession, which is one of the seven sacraments recognized by the church. The penitent confesses their sins to a priest, expresses sincere contrition, and performs a penance as directed by the priest. The priest then pronounces absolution, using a specific formula, which includes the words, "I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit."

Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church also practices the sacrament of confession and absolution, with similarities to the Catholic tradition. However, there are differences in the ritual and emphasis on the mystery of forgiveness. The Orthodox tradition emphasizes the church's role as a hospital for the soul, where confession is a therapeutic process.

Protestant Churches

Among Protestant denominations, the practice of absolution can vary significantly. Some traditions, such as Lutheranism, maintain a form of confession and absolution, though it may be conducted in a communal setting rather than individually. Other Protestant denominations may emphasize direct confession to God without an intermediary.

Theological Significance

Absolution is significant in Christian theology as it represents the mercy and forgiveness of God being administered through the church. It underscores the belief in the power of confession and penance as means of reconciling with God and the community.

Controversies and Criticisms

The practice of absolution has been subject to criticism and controversy, particularly from those outside the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Critics argue that it places undue power in the hands of clergy and may discourage personal responsibility for one's actions. However, supporters contend that absolution is a profound expression of God's grace and an essential aspect of Christian life and spiritual healing.

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