Acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum. This genus was previously classified under the genus Thiobacillus, but was reclassified in 2000 due to significant differences in ribosomal RNA sequences and physiological traits.

Characteristics

Acidithiobacillus species are acidophilic, meaning they thrive in highly acidic environments. They are also chemolithotrophic, deriving energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, specifically reduced sulfur compounds. This unique metabolic capability allows Acidithiobacillus to play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur.

Species

There are currently seven recognized species within the Acidithiobacillus genus:

• Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
• Acidithiobacillus albertensis
• Acidithiobacillus caldus
• Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans
• Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
• Acidithiobacillus ferridurans
• Acidithiobacillus sulfuriphilus

Applications

Acidithiobacillus species are used in bioleaching, a process that uses bacteria to extract metals from ores. Specifically, A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans are used to leach copper and other metals. This process is environmentally friendly compared to traditional smelting methods.

See also

• Bioleaching
• Chemolithotrophy
• Acidophile