Activation product

Activation product is a term used in nuclear physics and nuclear engineering to describe the materials that become radioactive as a result of neutron activation. This process occurs when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus, causing it to enter an excited state and subsequently decay, emitting radiation in the process. Activation products are a significant source of the residual radioactivity in nuclear reactors.

Neutron Activation

Neutron activation is the process by which an atomic nucleus absorbs a neutron and becomes radioactive. This process is a key aspect of nuclear physics and is fundamental to the operation of nuclear reactors. The absorbed neutron causes the nucleus to enter an excited state, which then decays, emitting radiation in the process.

Types of Activation Products

There are many different types of activation products, depending on the specific nucleus that absorbs the neutron. Some common examples include cobalt-60, cesium-137, and strontium-90, all of which are produced in significant quantities in nuclear reactors and have long half-lives, making them significant contributors to residual radioactivity.

Production in Nuclear Reactors

In a nuclear reactor, activation products are produced in large quantities due to the high neutron flux. These products can be found in the reactor core, the reactor coolant, and the reactor's structural materials. The production of activation products is a significant factor in the design and operation of nuclear reactors, as these products contribute to the overall radioactivity of the reactor and must be managed appropriately.

Management and Disposal

The management and disposal of activation products is a significant challenge in the operation of nuclear reactors. These products must be carefully managed to protect workers, the public, and the environment from exposure to radiation. This is typically achieved through a combination of shielding, containment, and waste disposal strategies.

See Also

• Nuclear fission
• Radioactive decay
• Nuclear waste