Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV

Main symptoms of acute HIV infection

Main symptoms of AIDS.

[[File:PCPxray.jpg|thumb|X-ray of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).

Kaposi's sarcoma

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection evolves through several stages: acute infection, latency, and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). These stages are characterized by varying symptoms and markers, reflecting the progression and severity of the disease.

Acute Infection Stage

Acute HIV infection, also known as primary infection, is the initial stage following exposure to the virus. It typically lasts several weeks and is often accompanied by flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain (myalgia), general discomfort (malaise), and sores in the mouth and esophagus.

Latency Stage

Following the acute infection stage, HIV enters a phase of latency. This stage, often symptom-free, can last from a few weeks to several decades, depending largely on the individual and the level of treatment. During latency, the virus continues to replicate at low levels and the immune system remains engaged in a constant battle to control viral replication.

AIDS Stage

AIDS represents the final stage of HIV infection and is marked by a significantly weakened immune system. It is defined by a CD4+ T cell count of fewer than 200 per µL, along with the presence of various opportunistic infections, cancers, and other health complications. Opportunistic infections are illnesses that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems, including those affected by HIV.

See Also

• Antiretroviral therapy
• HIV testing
• HIV/AIDS

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