People With AIDS

Comprehensive overview of People with AIDS

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People with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) are individuals who have progressed from HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection to the most advanced stage of the disease. AIDS is characterized by a severely weakened immune system, which makes the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

Overview

AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, where the immune system is significantly compromised. The transition from HIV to AIDS is marked by a CD4 cell count below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood or the occurrence of specific opportunistic infections or cancers.

History

The AIDS epidemic began in the late 20th century, with the first cases reported in the early 1980s. It was initially identified among homosexual men in the United States, but it soon became apparent that the disease affected a wide range of populations globally. The discovery of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS in 1983 was a significant milestone in understanding and combating the disease.

Transmission

HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Symptoms

People with AIDS may experience a variety of symptoms due to opportunistic infections, including:

• Persistent fever
• Chronic diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Night sweats
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Neurological disorders

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AIDS involves testing for HIV and monitoring the CD4 cell count. An AIDS diagnosis is confirmed when the CD4 count falls below 200 cells/mm³ or when certain opportunistic infections or cancers are present.

Treatment

While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly prolong the lives of people with HIV and improve their quality of life. ART helps to maintain a higher CD4 count and reduce the viral load, thereby preventing the progression to AIDS.

Social and Psychological Impact

People with AIDS often face stigma and discrimination, which can lead to social isolation and psychological distress. Support groups and counseling can be beneficial in providing emotional support and improving mental health.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Safe sex practices, such as using condoms
• Regular HIV testing
• Needle exchange programs
• Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
• Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Research and Future Directions

Ongoing research aims to find a cure for HIV/AIDS and develop more effective treatments. Vaccine development and gene therapy are promising areas of study.

Also see

• HIV/AIDS
• Opportunistic infection
• Antiretroviral therapy
• HIV vaccine
• Stigma of HIV/AIDS