Air abrasion

Air Abrasion

Air abrasion is a minimally invasive technique used in dentistry to remove tooth decay and prepare teeth for restorations. This method employs a stream of fine particles, such as aluminum oxide, propelled by compressed air to gently abrade the tooth surface. Air abrasion is often compared to sandblasting and is considered an alternative to traditional dental drills.

History

The concept of air abrasion was first introduced in the 1940s by Dr. Robert Black. However, it did not gain widespread popularity until the 1990s, when advancements in technology made the equipment more efficient and affordable. The technique has since become a valuable tool in conservative dentistry.

Mechanism

Air abrasion works by directing a high-speed stream of abrasive particles at the tooth surface. The particles are typically made of aluminum oxide, but other materials such as silica or baking soda can also be used. The kinetic energy of the particles removes small amounts of tooth structure, allowing for precise cavity preparation without the need for anesthesia in many cases.

Advantages

• Minimally Invasive: Air abrasion removes less tooth structure compared to traditional drilling, preserving more of the natural tooth.
• No Vibration or Heat: Unlike dental drills, air abrasion does not produce heat or vibration, which can be more comfortable for patients.
• Reduced Need for Anesthesia: Many patients do not require local anesthesia during air abrasion procedures, as the technique is less painful.
• Versatility: Air abrasion can be used for a variety of procedures, including cavity preparation, removal of old restorations, and surface preparation for bonding.

Disadvantages

• Limited Use: Air abrasion is not suitable for all types of cavities, particularly those that are deep or located between teeth.
• Particle Mess: The procedure can create a mess of abrasive particles, requiring thorough cleaning of the oral cavity and surrounding area.
• Cost: The equipment for air abrasion can be expensive, which may limit its availability in some dental practices.

Applications

Air abrasion is used in several dental procedures, including:

• Cavity Preparation: Removing decayed tooth material to prepare for fillings.
• Sealant Preparation: Cleaning the tooth surface before applying dental sealants.
• Stain Removal: Eliminating surface stains from teeth.
• Restoration Removal: Taking out old composite restorations without damaging the tooth.

Also see

• Dental drill
• Cavity preparation
• Dental restoration
• Minimally invasive dentistry