Air raid

Air raid refers to an attack by aircraft, specifically designed to inflict damage on ground structures and personnel. The term is generally used to describe attacks on cities and populated areas, as opposed to strategic bombing or attacks on military targets.

History

The concept of an air raid originated in the early 20th century, during World War I. The first recorded air raid was on November 1, 1911, when Italian pilot Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti dropped four grenades on two Ottoman bases in Libya.

During World War II, air raids became a common tactic used by all major powers. The most notable examples include the London Blitz by Germany and the bombing of Tokyo by the United States.

Tactics

Air raids typically involve a large number of aircraft, often bombers, flying in formation. The aircraft are usually heavily armed and armored to withstand anti-aircraft fire. The primary goal of an air raid is to cause as much damage as possible to the target area, often with the aim of demoralizing the enemy and disrupting their ability to fight.

Impact

The impact of air raids can be devastating, both in terms of physical damage and psychological trauma. Buildings can be destroyed, infrastructure damaged, and civilians killed or injured. The psychological impact on the population can also be significant, leading to fear, anxiety, and a sense of helplessness.

Defense against air raids

Defenses against air raids have evolved over time, from anti-aircraft guns and searchlights in the early 20th century to sophisticated radar systems and surface-to-air missiles in the modern era. Civil defense measures, such as air raid shelters and evacuation plans, are also an important part of defending against air raids.

See also

• Strategic bombing
• Tactical bombing
• Civil defense
• Air raid shelter
• Air raid siren