Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Akrotiri and Dhekelia are two areas on the island of Cyprus that form the Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) of the United Kingdom. Established in 1960, following the independence of Cyprus from British rule, these areas were retained by the UK for strategic reasons. Akrotiri and Dhekelia serve primarily as military bases for the United Kingdom and are located on the southern coast of Cyprus, near the cities of Limassol and Larnaca, respectively.

History

The history of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is closely tied to the modern history of Cyprus. In 1960, the Zurich and London Agreement led to the independence of Cyprus from British colonial rule. However, the agreement also allowed the UK to retain sovereignty over the Akrotiri and Dhekelia areas to maintain military bases in a strategically important location in the eastern Mediterranean. The presence of these bases has been a point of contention in Cypriot-British relations, but they have also played significant roles in various military operations in the region.

Geography

Akrotiri and Dhekelia cover a total area of approximately 254 square kilometers. Akrotiri is located on the southern tip of Cyprus, encompassing an area around the Akrotiri Salt Lake and parts of the western coast. Dhekelia is situated on the southeastern coast, stretching from the eastern outskirts of Larnaca up to the UN Buffer Zone that separates the Republic of Cyprus from the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Administration

The administration of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is unique. They are British Overseas Territories, but unlike other territories, they are administered by the Ministry of Defence. The Administrator of the Sovereign Base Areas, appointed by the British monarch, is responsible for the governance of these areas. The laws of the Republic of Cyprus can apply in the SBAs, provided they do not conflict with the status of the bases as military installations.

Demographics

The population of Akrotiri and Dhekelia includes military personnel from the UK, their families, and a small number of Cypriot residents. The exact population fluctuates due to military rotations but includes a mix of British and Cypriot citizens. The residents of these areas have access to both British and Cypriot services and facilities.

Economy

The economy of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is primarily driven by military activities. The bases provide employment opportunities for both British military personnel and local Cypriots. Additionally, the SBAs contribute to the local economy through the provision of services and infrastructure support to the surrounding Cypriot communities.

Legal and Political Issues

The presence of Akrotiri and Dhekelia as Sovereign Base Areas has been a subject of legal and political discussions, particularly regarding their status in the context of Cyprus's membership in the European Union. While the SBAs are not part of the EU, certain EU laws are applicable within the bases to avoid creating a legal vacuum for the residents.

Conclusion

Akrotiri and Dhekelia represent a unique aspect of the relationship between Cyprus and the United Kingdom, serving as a reminder of the historical ties and strategic interests that have shaped the eastern Mediterranean region. Despite their small size, these areas play a significant role in regional security and in the lives of those who reside within and around them.