Aktion T4

Aktion T4

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Hitler's authorization for the T4 program

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Aktion T4 was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The program targeted individuals with disabilities and those deemed "life unworthy of life" (Lebensunwertes Leben). It was named after the address of its headquarters, Tiergartenstraße 4 in Berlin.

Background

The roots of Aktion T4 can be traced back to the eugenics movement, which gained popularity in the early 20th century. The Nazi regime, under Adolf Hitler, adopted these ideas to promote their vision of a "racially pure" society. The program was officially initiated in 1939, although planning had begun earlier.

Implementation

Philipp Bouhler, one of the main architects of Aktion T4

The program was administered by Philipp Bouhler, head of the Führer's Chancellery, and Karl Brandt, Hitler's personal physician. The process involved identifying individuals in mental institutions, hospitals, and other care facilities who were considered "incurable" or "unproductive." These individuals were then transported to killing centers where they were murdered, often by gas or lethal injection.

Methods

The killing centers were equipped with gas chambers disguised as showers. Victims were told they were being taken for a medical examination or a shower, but were instead killed with carbon monoxide gas. The bodies were cremated, and families were often sent falsified death certificates.

Public Reaction and Opposition

The program faced opposition from some quarters, including the Catholic Church. Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen delivered sermons condemning the killings, which led to public protests. In response to the growing outcry, Hitler officially halted the program in 1941, although killings continued in secret until the end of World War II.

Aftermath

After the war, the Nuremberg Trials brought some of the perpetrators of Aktion T4 to justice. The program is now recognized as a precursor to the larger-scale atrocities of the Holocaust.

Also see

• Eugenics in Nazi Germany
• Holocaust
• Nuremberg Trials
• Clemens August Graf von Galen