Alane

Alane (Aluminium hydride) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AlH₃. It is a colorless, pyrophoric, solid substance that is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. Alane is notable for its role in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and the storage of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Properties

Alane exists in various polymorphs, with the α-phase being the most stable and common form. It is highly reactive towards water, releasing hydrogen gas and forming aluminium hydroxide. Due to its pyrophoric nature, alane must be handled under an inert atmosphere to prevent spontaneous ignition in air.

Synthesis

Alane can be synthesized through several methods, including the direct reaction of aluminium with hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures. Another common method involves the reaction of lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH₄) with aluminium chloride (AlCl₃), yielding alane and lithium chloride (LiCl) as by-products.

Applications

1. 1. 1. Hydrogen Storage###

Alane is investigated for its potential use in hydrogen storage technologies due to its high hydrogen content by weight. It can release hydrogen upon heating, making it a candidate for on-board hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles.

1. 1. 1. Organic Synthesis###

In organic chemistry, alane is employed as a powerful reducing agent. It is particularly useful in the reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides to alcohols.

Safety

Handling alane requires strict safety precautions due to its reactivity and the risk of hydrogen gas generation. It should be stored and used under an inert atmosphere, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn.