Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528) was a German painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance. Born in Nuremberg, Dürer established his reputation and influence across Europe when he was still in his twenties due to his high-quality woodcut prints. He was in communication with the major Italian artists of his time, including Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, and Leonardo da Vinci, and from 1512 he was patronized by emperor Maximilian I.

Biography

Albrecht Dürer was the third child of Albrecht Dürer the Elder, who was a goldsmith, and his wife, Barbara Holper. Dürer began his apprenticeship with his father at the age of fifteen, which was a common practice in the era. However, his remarkable talent in drawing and painting was evident early on, and he soon started an apprenticeship with Michael Wolgemut, a well-known artist of the time, which greatly influenced his technique and style.

In 1494, Dürer traveled to Italy, where he studied art under the influence of the Italian masters. His journey to Italy was a turning point in his career, as it exposed him to the Italian Renaissance, a movement that greatly influenced his work. Upon his return to Nuremberg, Dürer opened his own workshop.

Work

Dürer's work includes engravings, etchings, woodcuts, paintings, and drawings. Among his most famous works are the woodcut series The Apocalypse (1498), Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514), and Melencolia I (1514), which are notable for their detail, technique, and symbolism. His paintings also include several self-portraits and religious works.

Dürer was also known for his theoretical work on geometry, perspective, and human proportions, including the books Four Books on Measurement (1525) and Four Books on Human Proportion (1528).

Legacy

Albrecht Dürer's influence extends beyond his immediate impact on the Renaissance and into the present day. He is considered one of the foremost figures of the Northern Renaissance, with his works being pivotal in the development of European art. His contributions to printmaking, particularly in woodcut, elevated the medium to an art form, comparable in status to painting and sculpture. Dürer's theoretical works also had a significant impact on the fields of mathematics and art theory in the centuries that followed.

See Also

• Renaissance art
• Printmaking
• German Renaissance
• History of painting