Albuterol sulfate

Albuterol sulfate is a medication that is primarily used to treat bronchospasm associated with conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and increasing airflow to the lungs.

Medical Uses

Albuterol sulfate is commonly prescribed for the relief of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease. It is also used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm. The medication can be administered via an inhaler, nebulizer, or in tablet form.

Mechanism of Action

Albuterol sulfate functions as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. By stimulating these receptors, it causes the smooth muscles in the airways to relax, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow. This action helps to alleviate symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Side Effects

Common side effects of albuterol sulfate include tremor, nervousness, headache, tachycardia, and palpitations. Less common but more serious side effects can include paradoxical bronchospasm, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia.

Contraindications

Albuterol sulfate is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to albuterol or any of its components. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and seizure disorders.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of albuterol sulfate varies depending on the form of administration and the severity of the condition. For inhalation, the typical dose is 2.5 mg via nebulizer or 90 mcg per puff via an inhaler, taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed. For tablet form, the usual dose ranges from 2 to 4 mg taken three to four times daily.

Pharmacokinetics

Albuterol sulfate is rapidly absorbed following oral or inhaled administration. It is metabolized primarily in the liver and excreted in the urine. The onset of action for inhaled albuterol is typically within 5 to 15 minutes, with a duration of action of 4 to 6 hours.

Related Pages

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Bronchospasm
• Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
• Inhaler
• Nebulizer