Alcohol intolerance

Alcohol intolerance is a physiological condition characterized by adverse reactions to the consumption of alcohol. It is often confused with alcohol allergy, but the two are distinct conditions. Alcohol intolerance is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), which is responsible for breaking down alcohol in the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of alcohol intolerance can vary from person to person, but they typically include flushing of the skin, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, individuals may experience anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

Causes

Alcohol intolerance is primarily caused by a deficiency in the enzyme ALDH2. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down alcohol in the body. When there is a deficiency in this enzyme, the body is unable to properly metabolize alcohol, leading to the symptoms of alcohol intolerance.

There are also certain medications and medical conditions that can cause or exacerbate alcohol intolerance. These include certain antibiotics, antidepressants, and antihistamines, as well as conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of alcohol intolerance is typically based on the individual's reported symptoms after consuming alcohol. There are no specific tests to diagnose alcohol intolerance, but a doctor may order tests to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as an allergy to a specific ingredient in alcoholic beverages.

Treatment

The primary treatment for alcohol intolerance is avoidance of alcohol. Individuals with this condition should also be aware of the potential for cross-reactivity with certain medications and foods that contain alcohol.

In some cases, individuals with alcohol intolerance may be able to tolerate small amounts of alcohol. However, this should be done under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as consuming alcohol can still lead to serious reactions in some individuals.

See also

• Alcohol allergy
• Aldehyde dehydrogenase
• Anaphylaxis