Aleister Crowley

Aleister Crowley (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist, and mountaineer. He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the Æon of Horus in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life.

Early Life

Born Edward Alexander Crowley in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, Crowley was raised by a wealthy Plymouth Brethren family. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he began his lifelong interest in the occult. During his time at Cambridge, he adopted the name Aleister Crowley.

Thelema

In 1904, while in Cairo, Crowley reported supernatural experiences and wrote The Book of the Law, a text he claimed was dictated to him by a discarnate entity named Aiwass. This work became the cornerstone of Thelema, the religious and philosophical system he would devote his life to developing and promoting. Thelema's central tenet, "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law. Love is the law, love under will," encapsulates Crowley's philosophy of personal freedom and self-discovery.

Occult Practices and Organizations

Crowley was a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, an organization devoted to the study and practice of the occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities. Following disputes with other members, he left the Golden Dawn and traveled extensively, studying Eastern mysticism and participating in various magical practices. He later established his own occult society, the A∴A∴ (Argenteum Astrum) and eventually took over the Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), reorienting its focus towards Thelema.

Literary Work and Legacy

Crowley's literary output was vast and varied, including poetry, occult writings, and personal diaries. His most notable works include The Book of the Law, Magick in Theory and Practice, and The Book of Thoth, among others. Despite his controversial life and the scandal that often surrounded him, Crowley's work has had a significant impact on modern occultism and has been cited as a key influence in various cultural movements.

Death and Posthumous Reputation

Crowley died of chronic bronchitis in Hastings, England, in 1947. Since his death, his reputation has undergone a reevaluation, and he is now recognized as a significant figure in the occult and has influenced numerous spiritual and cultural movements.