Alexandrium (dinoflagellate)
Genus of dinoflagellates
Alexandrium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a group of single-celled, mostly marine planktonic organisms. Members of this genus are known for their role in harmful algal blooms (HABs), commonly referred to as "red tides," which can have significant ecological and economic impacts.
Description[edit | edit source]
Alexandrium species are characterized by their thecal plates, which are part of their cell covering. These plates are made of cellulose and provide structural support. The cells are typically small, ranging from 20 to 40 micrometers in diameter, and are often spherical or slightly elongated in shape.
Ecology[edit | edit source]
Alexandrium species are primarily marine and are found in coastal waters worldwide. They are photosynthetic, using sunlight to produce energy, but some species can also ingest other small organisms, making them mixotrophic. These dinoflagellates are an important part of the marine food web, serving as a food source for a variety of marine organisms.
Harmful Algal Blooms[edit | edit source]
Alexandrium is notorious for its ability to produce potent neurotoxins, such as saxitoxin, which can accumulate in shellfish and lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans and other animals. Blooms of Alexandrium can discolor the water, leading to the term "red tide," although the color can vary.
Life Cycle[edit | edit source]
The life cycle of Alexandrium includes both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs through binary fission, while sexual reproduction involves the formation of gametes that fuse to form a zygote. The zygote can develop into a resting cyst, which can remain dormant in the sediment until conditions are favorable for germination.
Research and Monitoring[edit | edit source]
Due to their impact on human health and marine ecosystems, Alexandrium species are the subject of extensive research. Monitoring programs are in place in many regions to detect and manage harmful algal blooms, helping to protect public health and marine resources.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
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