Almecillin

Almecillin is a penicillin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, which is a key building block in the biosynthesis of the penicillin family of antibiotics.

Mechanism of Action

Almecillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, causing the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzyme. This prevents the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This disruption of the bacterial cell wall results in osmotic imbalance and leads to cell death.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, Almecillin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to pivampicillin in the liver. It is then distributed throughout the body tissues and fluids. The drug is primarily excreted in the urine, both as unchanged drug and as metabolites.

Clinical Use

Almecillin is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including Streptococcal infections, Staphylococcal infections, Pneumococcal infections, and meningococcal infections. It is also used in the treatment of gonorrhea, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Almecillin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and anaphylaxis.

Contraindications

Almecillin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other beta-lactam antibiotics.

See Also

• Penicillin
• Antibiotics
• Bacterial Infections