Alpha-Narcotine

An alkaloid found in the opium poppy

Alpha-Narcotine, also known as Narcotine or Noscapine, is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Unlike other opium alkaloids such as morphine and codeine, alpha-narcotine is not a narcotic and does not possess significant analgesic properties. Instead, it is primarily known for its antitussive (cough suppressant) effects.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Alpha-Narcotine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with the molecular formula C22H23NO7. It is characterized by a complex structure that includes a 1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline core. The compound is a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform.

Pharmacology

Alpha-Narcotine acts as a cough suppressant by inhibiting the cough reflex in the central nervous system. It is believed to exert its effects by modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitters, although the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. Unlike opioid alkaloids, alpha-narcotine does not bind to opioid receptors and therefore does not produce the typical opioid effects such as euphoria or respiratory depression.

Medical Uses

Alpha-Narcotine has been used in various formulations as an over-the-counter cough suppressant. It is often included in combination products with other medications to treat symptoms of the common cold and other respiratory conditions. In addition to its antitussive properties, there is ongoing research into its potential anticancer effects, as some studies have suggested that it may inhibit the proliferation of certain cancer cells.

Safety and Side Effects

Alpha-Narcotine is generally considered safe when used as directed. Common side effects may include mild gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or upset stomach. It is important to use alpha-narcotine-containing products according to the recommended dosage, as excessive use can lead to adverse effects.

History and Discovery

Alpha-Narcotine was first isolated in the early 19th century by the French chemist Pierre Robiquet. It was one of the first alkaloids to be extracted from the opium poppy, and its discovery paved the way for the isolation of other important alkaloids such as morphine and codeine.

Also see

• Opium poppy
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Alkaloid
• Antitussive