Alpha Centauri

Alpha, Beta and Proxima Centauri (1)

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The bright star Alpha Centauri and its surroundings

Best image of Alpha Centauri A and B

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Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to the Solar System, located at a distance of 4.37 light-years (1.34 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus. It is a triple star system, consisting of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (also known as Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri B, and Alpha Centauri C (also known as Proxima Centauri). Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely bound binary star system; their orbital period around each other is about 79.91 years. Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf, is the closest of the three to Earth and orbits the central pair at a distance of about 0.21 light-years, making it the nearest-known exoplanet host star as of my last update.

Characteristics

Alpha Centauri A and B are both Sun-like stars, with A being a G-type main-sequence star slightly larger and more luminous than the Sun, and B being a K-type main-sequence star slightly smaller and less luminous. Proxima Centauri, on the other hand, is a much smaller and fainter red dwarf.

The system has been the subject of many observational campaigns, as it is an ideal target for the search for exoplanets. In 2016, an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone, named Proxima Centauri b, was discovered orbiting Proxima Centauri. This discovery has sparked significant interest in the scientific community regarding the potential for habitability and the presence of life outside the Solar System.

Observation and Exploration

Due to its proximity to Earth, Alpha Centauri has been proposed as a target for interstellar probes, such as the Breakthrough Starshot initiative, which aims to develop a fleet of light-sail spacecraft capable of making the journey to the system in just over 20 years.

Cultural Impact

Alpha Centauri has also had a significant impact on science fiction, appearing in numerous works as the home of alien civilizations or the destination for human space exploration. Its prominence in the night sky and proximity to Earth have made it a fixture in human culture and imagination.

See Also

• List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
• Habitable zone
• Interstellar travel