Alpha synuclein

Alpha-synuclein is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene. It is abundant in the brain, and smaller amounts are found in the heart, muscles, and other tissues. In the brain, alpha-synuclein is found mainly at the tips of neurons in specialized structures called presynaptic terminals. Within these structures, alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipids and proteins.

Structure and Function

Alpha-synuclein is a small protein composed of 140 amino acids. Its structure is predominantly random coil, but includes one alpha-helical segment. This protein is known to be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. It is primarily localized to the neuronal presynaptic terminals.

Role in Disease

Alpha-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies, which are abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells in Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, and some other disorders. These disorders are known as synucleinopathies. Mutations in the SNCA gene are also associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Research

Research into alpha-synuclein has been driven by its association with disease. Studies have focused on its role in maintaining synaptic function, its aggregation properties, and the potential for alpha-synuclein to propagate from cell to cell.

See Also

• Beta-synuclein
• Gamma-synuclein
• Synucleinopathy
• Parkinson's disease
• Dementia with Lewy bodies