Altarpiece

Altarpiece

An altarpiece is a work of art, such as a painting, sculpture or relief, representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a Christian church. Altarpieces are often central to the decoration of the church and serve as a focal point for worship and devotion.

History

The tradition of altarpieces began in the Middle Ages and continued through the Renaissance and into the Baroque period. Initially, altarpieces were simple and small, but over time they became more elaborate and grandiose, reflecting the artistic styles and religious sentiments of the period.

Medieval Altarpieces

In the medieval period, altarpieces were typically small and portable, often consisting of a single panel or a diptych. They were used to decorate the altar and were often commissioned by wealthy patrons or religious institutions.

Renaissance Altarpieces

During the Renaissance, altarpieces became larger and more complex, often consisting of multiple panels (polyptychs) and incorporating intricate details and symbolism. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo created some of the most famous altarpieces during this period.

Baroque Altarpieces

In the Baroque period, altarpieces became even more dramatic and theatrical, with dynamic compositions and a heightened sense of movement and emotion. Artists like Peter Paul Rubens and Gian Lorenzo Bernini were known for their grand and expressive altarpieces.

Types of Altarpieces

Altarpieces can be classified into several types based on their structure and form:

• Retable: A retable is an altarpiece that is placed on the altar itself or on a shelf behind it. It can be a single panel or a series of panels.

• Triptych: A triptych is an altarpiece consisting of three panels, with the central panel being the largest and the two side panels (wings) being smaller.

• Polyptych: A polyptych is an altarpiece with more than three panels, often arranged in a complex structure with multiple wings.

Iconography

Altarpieces often depict scenes from the Bible, the lives of saints, or other religious themes. Common subjects include the Crucifixion, the Annunciation, the Last Supper, and the Resurrection.

Notable Altarpieces

Some of the most famous altarpieces include:

• Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck
• Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald
• Maestà by Duccio di Buoninsegna

Influence and Legacy

Altarpieces have had a significant impact on the development of Western art, influencing both religious and secular works. They continue to be studied for their artistic and historical significance.

See Also

• Retable
• Triptych
• Polyptych
• Christian art

References

• "Altarpieces". The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Retrieved 2023-10-15.