Alveolar arch

Alveolar arch refers to the curved structure formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible, where the teeth are embedded. The alveolar arch is a critical component of the oral cavity and plays a significant role in the process of mastication (chewing) and speech.

Anatomy

The alveolar arch is made up of two parts: the maxillary alveolar arch and the mandibular alveolar arch. The maxillary alveolar arch is part of the upper jaw, while the mandibular alveolar arch is part of the lower jaw. Each arch contains sockets, known as alveoli, that hold the roots of the teeth.

Maxillary Alveolar Arch

The maxillary alveolar arch is part of the maxilla, or upper jawbone. It is larger and more robust than the mandibular alveolar arch. The maxillary alveolar arch houses the upper teeth and plays a significant role in the formation of the hard palate, which forms the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity.

Mandibular Alveolar Arch

The mandibular alveolar arch is part of the mandible, or lower jawbone. It is smaller and less robust than the maxillary alveolar arch. The mandibular alveolar arch houses the lower teeth and contributes to the formation of the lower part of the oral cavity.

Function

The primary function of the alveolar arch is to provide a stable base for the teeth. The alveoli, or sockets, in the alveolar arch securely hold the roots of the teeth, allowing for efficient mastication and speech. The alveolar arch also plays a role in the formation of the oral and nasal cavities and contributes to the overall shape and structure of the face.

Clinical Significance

Conditions affecting the alveolar arch can have significant implications for oral health. These include periodontal disease, which can lead to the loss of alveolar bone and subsequent tooth loss, and malocclusion, a misalignment of the teeth and/or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches.