Amateur radio

Amateur Radio

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of designated radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radio sport, contesting, and emergency communication. The term "amateur" is used to specify "a duly authorized person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without pecuniary interest".

History

Amateur radio has its roots in the early 20th century, with the advent of radio technology. The first amateur radio operators were experimenters who built their own equipment and communicated with each other over the airwaves. The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) was founded in 1914 to support these amateur operators.

Licensing

To operate an amateur radio station, individuals must obtain a license from the appropriate government authority. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is responsible for licensing amateur radio operators. Licenses are granted after passing an examination that tests knowledge of radio technology, operating practices, and regulations.

Frequency Allocations

Amateur radio operators are allocated specific frequency bands in the radio spectrum. These bands are shared with other services and are subject to international agreements. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is responsible for coordinating these allocations globally.

Modes of Communication

Amateur radio operators use a variety of modes to communicate, including:

• Morse code (CW)
• Voice (AM, FM, SSB)
• Digital modes (PSK31, RTTY, FT8)
• Image modes (SSTV)

Emergency Communication

Amateur radio plays a vital role in emergency communication. During disasters, when conventional communication systems fail, amateur radio operators provide essential communication links. Organizations like the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) and the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) coordinate these efforts.

Contests and Awards

Amateur radio contests are popular events where operators attempt to make as many contacts as possible within a specified time period. Awards are given for various achievements, such as contacting a certain number of countries or regions.

Also see

• Shortwave radio
• Radio propagation
• DXing
• QSL card
• Radio frequency