American Samoa

File:Anthem of American Samoa.ogg

Samoa islands 2002

German, British, American warships in Apia harbour, Samoa 1899

Samoa Cram Map 1896

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American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa. Its location is strategic in the South Pacific, being a significant stopover for military and commercial ships during the early 20th century. American Samoa consists of five main islands and two coral atolls. The largest and most populous island is Tutuila, where Pago Pago, the capital city, is situated. The territory is known for its rich Polynesian culture, which is evident in its language, dance, and traditions.

History

The history of American Samoa is deeply rooted in Polynesian culture and traditions. The islands were originally inhabited by Polynesian explorers more than 3,000 years ago. The first European contact was made by Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen in 1722. However, it was not until the 18th and 19th centuries that European missionaries, traders, and explorers really began to influence the islands.

In 1878, the United States established a coaling station in Pago Pago Harbor for its naval fleet, marking the beginning of American interest in the islands. The 1899 Tripartite Convention between the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom resulted in the partition of the Samoan Islands. The eastern islands became territories of the United States and were officially named American Samoa in 1911.

Government and Politics

American Samoa operates under a local government modeled after the United States system, with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The Governor of American Samoa is the head of the executive branch and is elected by popular vote. The legislative branch consists of the American Samoa Fono, which has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

As an unincorporated territory of the United States, American Samoa does not have voting rights in the U.S. Congress. However, it does send one non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. Residents are U.S. nationals but not U.S. citizens, a status that has been the subject of debate and legal challenges.

Economy

The economy of American Samoa is strongly tied to the United States, with financial aid from the U.S. government being a significant source of revenue. Tuna fishing and processing are the backbone of the local economy, with two major canneries operating in the territory for decades, although one closed in recent years. Other industries include tourism, handicrafts, and agriculture. The territory faces economic challenges, including job losses from cannery closures and vulnerability to natural disasters.

Culture

The culture of American Samoa is a vibrant mix of traditional Polynesian and American influences. Fa'a Samoa, or the Samoan way, is a core part of life, emphasizing respect, community, and family ties. Traditional ceremonies, dance, music, and tattooing are important cultural expressions. The territory is also known for its contributions to American football, with a surprisingly high number of players of Samoan descent playing professionally.

Geography

American Samoa's geography is characterized by rugged mountains, lush rainforests, and volcanic soil, supporting a diverse ecosystem. The territory includes the National Park of American Samoa, which offers protected lands and waters with unique flora and fauna. The climate is tropical, with a wet season from November to April and a dry season from May to October.

Demographics

The population of American Samoa is predominantly of Samoan descent, with Samoan being the most widely spoken language. English is also an official language and is widely used in government and business. The majority of the population is Christian, with several denominations represented.

Challenges

American Samoa faces several challenges, including economic dependency on the United States, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters, and health issues such as high rates of obesity and related diseases.

American Samoa Resources
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