American bison

American Bison (Bison bison), also known as the American Buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds. They became nearly extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century and introduction of bovine diseases from domestic cattle.

Taxonomy

The American Bison is one of two extant species of Bison, the other being the European Bison or Wisent. The American Bison itself is divided into two subspecies: the Plains Bison (Bison bison bison) and the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae).

Description

American Bison are the largest terrestrial animals in North America. Bison are characterized by their long, shaggy brown coats, large hump at their shoulders and long, sharp horns that can grow up to two feet long.

Behavior

Bison are nomadic grazers and travel in herds, except for the non-dominant bulls, which travel alone or in small groups during most of the year. They can reach speeds of up to 35 mph and are excellent swimmers.

Habitat and Distribution

Historically, the American Bison lived across most of North America. Today, they are primarily found in reserves, such as Yellowstone National Park, and on ranches where they are raised for their meat and hides.

Conservation

The American Bison is listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Efforts to revive the population have had some success, with the establishment of new, managed herds on public lands.

Cultural Significance

The American Bison holds a central place in the history of the Native American tribes of the Plains, who relied on them for food, clothing, and tools.

See Also

• Bison hunting
• Bison antiquus
• National Bison Range

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