Amprenavir

Information about Amprenavir

Amprenavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor used in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Fosamprenavir is a prodrug of amprenavir that has better oral bioavailability and that has largely replaced amprenavir in clinical use.

Liver safety of Amprenavir

Both amprenavir and fosamprenavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and are rare causes of clinically apparent, acute liver injury. In coinfected patients, hepatic injury during highly active antiretroviral therapy may be a result of exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C rather than a direct toxic effect of the medication.

Mechanism of action of Amprenavir

Amprenavir (am pren' a vir) is sulfonamide nonpeptide HIV protease inhibitor that acts by binding to the catalytic site of the viral protease, thereby preventing the cleavage of HIV polyprotein precursors into mature, functional proteins that are necessary for viral replication. Fosamprenavir (fos" am pren' a vir) is a phosphonooxy prodrug of amprenavir which is more water soluble and has greater bioavailability than amprenavir. Fosamprenavir is rapidly converted to amprenavir in the intestinal mucosa.

FDA approval information for Amprenavir

Amprenavir was approved for use in the United States in 1999 and fosamprenavir in 2003 for the therapy of HIV infection in adults and children in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Amprenavir was previously available in capsules of 50 mg under the brand name Agenerase. The pill burden of amprenavir therapy made fosamprenavir preferable and amprenavir is no longer availble in the United States.

Dosage and administration for Amprenavir

Fosamprenavir is available in tablets of 700 mg and in a liquid solution for pediatric use (50 mg/mL) under the brand name Lexiva. Both agents are typically used in combination with low "booster" doses of ritonavir (100 or 200 mg daily). The recommended dose of fosamprenavir is 1400 mg twice daily when given without ritonavir or 1400 mg once daily when given with ritonavir. The dose in children is weight based.

Side effects of Amprenavir

Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, headache, fatigue and, with long term use, hyperlipidemia and lipodystrophy.

Antiviral agents

Drugs for HIV Infection, in the Subclass Antiretroviral Agents

• Fusion Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Enfuvirtide, Maraviroc

• Integrase Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir, Raltegravir

• Monoclonal Antibodies
  • Ibalizumab

• Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Delavirdine, Efavirenz, Etravirine, Nevirapine, Rilpivirine

• Nucleoside Analogues (HIV)
  • Abacavir, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Tenofovir, Zidovudine

• Protease Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Amprenavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir,Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Tipranavir

Drugs for Hepatitis B

• • Alpha Interferon, Adefovir, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Lamivudine, Telbivudine, Tenofovir

Drugs for Hepatitis C

• Interferon Based Therapies
  • Alpha Interferon and Peginterferon, Ribavirin

HCV NS5A Inhibitors

• Daclatasvir, Elbasvir, Ledipasvir, Ombitasvir, Pibrentasvir, Velpatasvir

HCV NS5B (Polymerase) Inhibitors

• Dasabuvir, Sofosbuvir

HCV Protease Inhibitors

• Asunaprevir, Boceprevir, Glecaprevir, Grazoprevir, Paritaprevir, Simeprevir, Telaprevir, Voxilaprevir

Combination Therapies

• Epclusa, Harvoni, Mavyret, Technive, Viekira Pak, Vosevi, Zepatier

Drugs for Herpes Virus Infections (HSV, CMV, others)

• Acyclovir, Cidofovir, Famciclovir, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Valacyclovir, Valganciclovir

Drugs for Influenza

• Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir

• Dailymed label info on Amprenavir
• FDA Amprenavir

Amprenavir Resources
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