Anastamosis

Anastomosis refers to a surgical procedure that connects two previously separate tubular structures in the body, commonly used in reference to the colon or rectum. This procedure plays an integral role in treating certain gastrointestinal diseases where a diseased section of the colon or rectum requires removal, ensuring continuity of the gastrointestinal tract post-operatively.

Definition and Overview

Anastomosis, derived from the Greek term "anastomoein" which means "to provide an outlet," is a technique that surgically reconnects two structures, usually in the form of tubes or vessels, which were previously separated. In the context of gastrointestinal surgery, it's utilized to rejoin the healthy sections of the colon or rectum after a portion has been excised due to disease.

Types of Anastomosis

There are various types of anastomotic techniques depending on the specific clinical scenario and the preference of the surgeon. Some common types include:

• End-to-end anastomosis: The most common type, where the two ends of the intestine are sewn or stapled together.
• End-to-side anastomosis: One end of the intestine is joined to a side of another segment.
• Side-to-side anastomosis: Two lateral sides of the intestine are connected.

Procedure Details

The procedure generally involves the following steps:

• The diseased segment of the colon or rectum is identified.
• This segment is surgically removed, ensuring the healthy sections are spared.
• The two healthy ends are then reconnected using sutures or surgical staples.
• Proper blood flow and integrity of the joined sections are confirmed.
• The surgical site is then closed and post-operative care begins.

Potential Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks associated with anastomosis, including:

• Anastomotic leak: Leakage from the connection site which can lead to infection.
• Stricture formation: Narrowing at the anastomotic site over time, leading to obstruction.
• Bleeding: From the surgical site.
• Infection: At the surgical site or internally due to an anastomotic leak.

See Also

• Colon resection
• Colorectal surgery
• Gastrointestinal diseases
• Surgical sutures

References

• Thompson, J.W. "Anastomosis Techniques and Complications in Colon and Rectal Surgery". Journal of Coloproctology, 2015.
• Warner, E.F. "An Overview of Anastomotic Procedures in Gastrointestinal Surgery". Clinical Surgery Review, 2017.

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