Andira

Andira fraxinifolia

Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Andira vermifuga

Andira is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to the tropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico to northern Argentina, and is also found in the Caribbean. Members of this genus are typically trees or shrubs, known for their hard wood and sometimes for their medicinal properties. The genus includes several species, among which Andira inermis, also known as the cabbage tree or angelin tree, is one of the most well-known.

Description

Plants in the genus Andira are characterized by their compound leaves, which are usually large and made up of several leaflets. The flowers are small, with five petals, and can be pink, purple, or white. They are arranged in dense clusters. The fruit of Andira species is a legume (a type of fruit common to the family Fabaceae), which contains seeds that are dispersed by animals, a process known as zoochory.

Ecology

Andira species play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are often found in forests, contributing to the canopy or understory layers. These trees are important for their ecological functions, including providing shade, improving soil fertility through nitrogen fixation (a characteristic of many legumes), and offering habitat and food for various animal species. The flowers are pollinated by insects, while the fruits are eaten by a range of animals, such as birds and mammals, which helps in seed dispersal.

Uses

Several Andira species have been used in traditional medicine in the regions where they are native. For example, Andira inermis has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including intestinal parasites, fever, and skin conditions. The wood of Andira trees is also valued for its durability and resistance to pests, making it suitable for construction and furniture.

Conservation

While some Andira species are common and not currently at risk, others are facing threats from habitat destruction and deforestation. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of the more vulnerable species within this genus. Protecting their natural habitats and promoting sustainable use of these trees are crucial steps in preserving the biodiversity of tropical forests.