Angiographic embolization

Angiographic embolization is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to treat various conditions by intentionally blocking a blood vessel. This technique is commonly employed in the management of bleeding, tumors, and vascular malformations. The procedure is performed by interventional radiologists using imaging techniques to guide the placement of materials that obstruct the blood flow to a targeted area.

Procedure

Angiographic embolization involves the insertion of a thin tube, known as a catheter, into a blood vessel. This catheter is navigated through the vascular system to the site requiring treatment. Once in place, embolic agents, which can be in the form of microspheres, coils, glue, or particles, are injected through the catheter to block the blood vessel. The choice of embolic agent depends on the specific requirements of the treatment, such as the size of the vessel and the nature of the condition being treated.

Indications

Angiographic embolization is indicated for a variety of conditions, including:

• Control of hemorrhage in trauma or secondary to surgical procedures
• Treatment of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
• Reduction of blood flow to tumors in organs such as the liver, kidney, and uterus (e.g., uterine fibroids)
• Management of varicocele in males and pelvic congestion syndrome in females

Risks and Complications

While angiographic embolization is generally safe, it carries the risk of complications, such as:

• Infection
• Allergic reaction to contrast material
• Non-target embolization, where embolic material unintentionally blocks off blood flow to healthy tissue
• Ischemia or tissue damage due to reduced blood flow

Recovery and Outcomes

Recovery from angiographic embolization varies depending on the underlying condition being treated and the individual patient. Many patients can resume normal activities within a few days. The success of the procedure also varies, with outcomes depending on the specific condition treated and the extent of disease.

See Also

• Interventional radiology
• Catheter
• Vascular disease