Angiotensin converting enzyme

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the RAS and the kinin-kallikrein system. It is a central component in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

Function

ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II by removing a dipeptide. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which means it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which in turn helps regulate sodium and water balance in the body.

In the kinin-kallikrein system, ACE degrades bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, further contributing to its role in blood pressure regulation.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the ACE system have been implicated in a number of cardiovascular and renal diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and renal failure. Drugs that inhibit ACE, known as ACE inhibitors, are commonly used to treat these conditions.

ACE inhibitors work by reducing the production of angiotensin II, which in turn reduces vasoconstriction and decreases the secretion of aldosterone. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure and an improvement in heart function.

Genetics

The gene for ACE is located on chromosome 17. Variations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to various diseases, including myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease.

See also

• Renin–angiotensin system
• ACE inhibitor
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

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