Anterior chamber

Anterior Chamber

The anterior chamber is a fluid-filled space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris. It plays a crucial role in maintaining intraocular pressure and providing nutrients to the eye structures.

Anatomy

The anterior chamber is bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris and the anterior surface of the lens. The depth of the anterior chamber can vary, but it is typically about 3.0 mm deep in adults. The chamber is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor, which is produced by the ciliary body and drains through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal.

Function

The primary function of the anterior chamber is to maintain intraocular pressure, which is essential for the eye's shape and optical properties. The aqueous humor provides nutrients and removes metabolic wastes from the avascular structures of the eye, such as the lens and cornea.

Clinical Significance

Glaucoma

One of the most significant clinical conditions associated with the anterior chamber is glaucoma. This condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Glaucoma can result from impaired drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork.

Anterior Uveitis

Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of the uveal tract, affecting the anterior chamber. Symptoms include pain, redness, and photophobia. It can be associated with systemic diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and sarcoidosis.

Hyphema

A hyphema is the presence of blood in the anterior chamber, often due to trauma. It can lead to increased intraocular pressure and requires careful management to prevent complications.

Diagnostic Techniques

Slit Lamp Examination

A slit lamp examination is a common method to assess the anterior chamber. It allows for detailed visualization of the cornea, iris, and lens, and can help detect abnormalities such as cells or flare in the aqueous humor.

Gonioscopy

Gonioscopy is a technique used to examine the angle of the anterior chamber, which is crucial in diagnosing and managing glaucoma. It involves using a special lens to view the trabecular meshwork and other angle structures.

See Also

• Posterior chamber
• Intraocular pressure
• Ophthalmology

References

• Kanski, J. J., & Bowling, B. (2011). Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Yanoff, M., & Duker, J. S. (2013). Ophthalmology. Elsevier Health Sciences.