Anti-Igbo sentiment

Anti-Igbo sentiment refers to the hostility, prejudice, and discrimination directed towards the Igbo people, an ethnic group native to the southeastern region of Nigeria. This sentiment has manifested in various forms throughout history, including violent attacks, economic discrimination, and political marginalization. The roots of anti-Igbo sentiment can be traced back to pre-colonial times but were significantly exacerbated during and after the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), also known as the Biafran War.

Historical Background

The Igbo people, one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, have played a significant role in the history of Nigeria. Pre-colonial Igbo society was highly decentralized, with a focus on democratic governance. The arrival of British colonial rule in the 19th century and the subsequent amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914 to form Nigeria brought significant changes. The Igbo, along with other ethnic groups, were integrated into the colonial economy, often occupying positions in commerce and education, which set the stage for future tensions.

Causes of Anti-Igbo Sentiment

Several factors have contributed to the development of anti-Igbo sentiment in Nigeria:

• Economic Competition: The Igbo's success in commerce and education led to envy and resentment among other ethnic groups, particularly in regions where economic opportunities were scarce.

• Political Tensions: Nigeria's political landscape, characterized by ethnic rivalries, has often seen the Igbo marginalized in power-sharing arrangements, fueling resentment from both the Igbo and other groups.

• Cultural Differences: The distinct language, customs, and traditions of the Igbo have sometimes been perceived as a threat to the cultural homogeneity desired by some in the broader Nigerian society.

• The Nigerian Civil War: The attempt by the Igbo-dominated southeastern region to secede from Nigeria and form the Republic of Biafra led to a brutal civil war. The war and its aftermath deepened divisions and left a legacy of mistrust and bitterness.

Major Incidents

• 1966 Coups and Pogroms: A military coup led by mostly Igbo officers was followed by a counter-coup by northern officers. The aftermath saw widespread violence against Igbo people in the north, leading to thousands of deaths and the displacement of many.

• Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970): The war began after the southeastern states, predominantly Igbo, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra. It resulted in significant loss of life, with estimates of civilian deaths ranging from one to three million, primarily from starvation and disease.

• Post-War Discrimination: After the war, policies such as the "Indigenization Decree" economically disadvantaged the Igbo, restricting their ability to reclaim properties and invest in certain sectors.

Contemporary Issues

Anti-Igbo sentiment has not disappeared and continues to affect Nigeria's socio-political landscape. Incidents of violence against Igbo people and their properties in various parts of Nigeria still occur, often fueled by political instability, economic disparities, and ethnic tensions. The rise of separatist movements, such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), has also reignited discussions about the place of the Igbo in Nigeria.

Efforts to Address Anti-Igbo Sentiment

Efforts to address and mitigate anti-Igbo sentiment have included governmental and non-governmental initiatives aimed at promoting national unity, reconciliation, and the protection of minority rights. However, progress has been slow, and many challenges remain.