Antimony trifluoride

Antimony trifluoride powder

Antimony trifluoride is a chemical compound with the formula SbF_. It is a white crystalline solid that is used in various industrial and chemical applications. Antimony trifluoride is known for its role as a fluorinating agent in organic synthesis.

Structure and Properties

Antimony trifluoride is composed of one antimony (Sb) atom and three fluorine (F) atoms. The compound forms a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry, which is typical for compounds with a central atom surrounded by three ligands and a lone pair of electrons.

The compound is highly soluble in water and forms a solution that is acidic due to the formation of hydrofluoric acid. It is also soluble in other polar solvents such as ethanol and acetone.

Preparation

Antimony trifluoride can be prepared by the reaction of antimony trioxide (Sb_O_) with hydrofluoric acid (HF):

Sb_O_ + 6 HF _ 2 SbF_ + 3 H_O

This reaction involves the conversion of the oxide form of antimony to the fluoride form, releasing water as a byproduct.

Applications

Antimony trifluoride is primarily used as a fluorinating agent in organic chemistry. It is employed to introduce fluorine atoms into organic molecules, which can significantly alter their chemical properties and reactivity.

In addition to its use in organic synthesis, antimony trifluoride is also used in the production of other antimony compounds and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.

Safety and Handling

Antimony trifluoride is a hazardous material and should be handled with care. It is corrosive and can cause burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of its dust or fumes can be harmful, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used when handling the compound.

Related pages

• Antimony
• Fluorine
• Hydrofluoric acid
• Fluorination