Antiplatelet drugs

Antiplatelet drugs are a group of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect.

Mechanism of action

Antiplatelet drugs work by various mechanisms. Some of them inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (such as aspirin), thereby preventing the formation of thromboxane. Others, such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, irreversibly inhibit the P2Y12 receptor on the platelets. Ticlopidine inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from binding to its receptor on the platelet.

Uses

Antiplatelet drugs are widely used in the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina. They are also used in patients with non-cardioembolic atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease.

Side effects

The most common side effect of antiplatelet drugs is bleeding. Other side effects include dyspepsia, rash, or diarrhea. In rare cases, some antiplatelet drugs can cause neutropenia, a dangerous drop in the number of white blood cells.

See also

• Anticoagulant
• Thrombosis
• Platelet