Antithymocyte globulin

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG), scientifically referred to as anti-THIGH-moe-site GLA-bu-lin, is a protein preparation with applications in the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Overview

Antithymocyte globulin is derived from the serum of animals immunized against human thymocytes and is a collection of polyclonal antibodies that target various lymphocyte antigens. The administration of ATG leads to profound and sustained reduction of T-cells in the recipient.

Intravenous

Applications

The primary therapeutic application of antithymocyte globulin is in the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease, a significant complication that may arise after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This condition emerges when the donor's immune cells recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign, leading to an immune reaction against the host. ATG plays a vital role in suppressing this immune response.

Mechanism of Action

The precise mechanism of action of ATG remains multifactorial. Its main effect is the broad depletion of T-cells, which plays a crucial role in mediating graft-versus-host disease. Additionally, ATG can modulate the immune response by binding to various cell surface molecules and cytokines, thus impacting cell adhesion, migration, and activation.

Side Effects and Precautions

Like all medications, the use of antithymocyte globulin can lead to potential side effects. Some common side effects include fever, chills, rashes, and general discomfort. It's essential for patients and healthcare providers to monitor for severe reactions, particularly after the first dose.

See also

• Graft-versus-host disease
• Immunosuppressive drugs
• Transplantation

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