Apolipoprotein b-100

Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of lipids in the human body. It is the primary apolipoprotein of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is often referred to as "bad cholesterol".

Structure

ApoB-100 is a large protein consisting of 4,536 amino acids. It is synthesized in the liver and is the primary protein found in LDL particles. The structure of ApoB-100 is complex, with multiple domains that interact with lipids and cell surface receptors.

Function

ApoB-100 is essential for the formation of LDL particles. It binds to the LDL receptor on the surface of cells, allowing the uptake of cholesterol into the cell. This process is crucial for the regulation of cholesterol levels in the body.

Clinical significance

Elevated levels of ApoB-100 are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. This is because ApoB-100 is a component of LDL, which can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries.

In addition, mutations in the gene that encodes ApoB-100 can lead to familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.

See also

• Apolipoprotein
• Low-density lipoprotein
• Atherosclerosis
• Coronary artery disease