Aqua fortis

Aqua fortis is a historical term for a concentrated solution of nitric acid. The name translates from Latin to "strong water". It was named by medieval European alchemists because it had the ability to dissolve gold, the "king of metals".

History

The first mention of aqua fortis appears in the works of Pseudo-Geber, a 13th-century European alchemist. It was used extensively in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance for gold processing, metal etching, and in the preparation of some types of gunpowder.

Preparation

Aqua fortis was traditionally made by distilling a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate) and alum. This process results in a highly corrosive and toxic fuming liquid. In modern times, nitric acid is produced industrially by the Ostwald process.

Uses

In addition to its historical uses, aqua fortis (nitric acid) is used today in a variety of industries. It is used in the production of fertilizers, dyes, and explosives. It is also used in the etching of metals and in the purification of precious metals.

Safety

Aqua fortis is a highly corrosive substance and can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with skin. It is also a strong oxidizer and can react violently with organic materials, leading to fire or explosion. Proper safety measures should be taken when handling this substance.

See also

• Aqua regia
• Aqua vitae
• Nitric acid
• Ostwald process