Arachis hypogaea

Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as the peanut, is a species in the legume or "bean" family (Fabaceae). The plant is native to South America and has been widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world for its edible seeds.

Taxonomy

The scientific name Arachis hypogaea is derived from the Greek words 'arachis' meaning 'legume' and 'hypogaea' meaning 'under the earth', referring to the plant's unusual growth habit of developing its fruit underground. The species is classified under the genus Arachis in the family Fabaceae.

Description

Arachis hypogaea is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm (1.0 to 1.6 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, pinnate with four leaflets, each leaflet 1 to 7 cm (⅜ to 2¾ in) long and 1 to 3 cm (⅜ to 1 inch) broad. The flowers are a typical peaflower in shape, 2 to 4 cm (0.8 to 1.6 in) across, yellow with reddish veining.

Cultivation and uses

Arachis hypogaea is cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in protein, dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals. The seeds, or peanuts, are used in a variety of food products, including peanut butter, confectionery, and as a cooking oil. The plant is also used in crop rotation due to its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil.

Health effects

Peanuts are a common allergen, with reactions ranging from mild irritation to anaphylaxis. However, they also have several health benefits, including being a good source of monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and resveratrol.

See also

• Peanut allergy
• Peanut oil
• Peanut butter
• Crop rotation