Araucaria araucana

Araucaria araucana (commonly called the monkey puzzle tree, monkey tail tree, Chilean pine, or pehuén) is an evergreen tree growing to 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) in diameter and 30–40 m (100–130 ft) in height. It is native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. Araucaria araucana is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria. Because of the longevity of this species, it is described as a living fossil. It is also the national tree of Chile.

Description

Araucaria araucana is a large evergreen tree, with a lifespan of up to 1000 years or more. The tree is distinctive for its vertical, parallel branches with tough, leathery leaves. It prefers well-drained, slightly acidic, volcanic soil, but will tolerate almost any soil type provided it drains well.

Distribution and habitat

Araucaria araucana is native to the Andes mountains of southern Chile and Argentina, where it is a dominant tree in the cool, humid subalpine forests. It is adapted to a moist climate with heavy snowfall, and is resistant to low temperatures.

Uses

The wood of the Araucaria araucana is hard and durable, and the tree is grown in some parts of the world for its timber. The seeds are edible, similar to large pine nuts, and are extensively harvested in Chile.

Conservation

Araucaria araucana is a threatened species in its native range, due to a history of logging. Current threats include habitat loss due to conversion of forests into pasture for cattle and sheep, and collection of seeds for consumption as a foodstuff. It is now protected in its natural range.

See also

• List of superlative trees
• Araucariaceae
• Araucaria angustifolia