Arica y Parinacota

Arica y Parinacota is a region located in the far north of Chile, bordering Peru to the north, Bolivia to the east, the Tarapacá Region to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is the northernmost and one of the smallest regions of Chile, with its capital being the port city of Arica. Established on October 8, 2007, by subdividing the former Tarapacá Region, Arica y Parinacota comprises two provinces: Arica and Parinacota. This region is notable for its diverse landscapes, which include coastal areas, deserts, and the high peaks of the Andes.

Geography

Arica y Parinacota is characterized by a variety of geographical features. The coastal city of Arica is known for its mild climate and beautiful beaches, making it a popular tourist destination. Inland, the terrain rises sharply to the Altiplano, a high plateau in the Andes Mountains. This area is home to the Lauca National Park, a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve that features stunning landscapes, including the Chungará Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, and the Parinacota volcano. The region's biodiversity is rich and varied, with many species adapted to its unique ecological zones.

History

The area that is now Arica y Parinacota has been inhabited for thousands of years, initially by indigenous peoples such as the Chinchorro, known for their elaborate mummification techniques predating those of ancient Egypt. During the colonial period, the region was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru and later became a battleground during the War of the Pacific (1879-1883), after which it was annexed by Chile. The creation of the Arica y Parinacota region in 2007 was part of Chile's efforts to improve administration and development in its northern territories.

Economy

The economy of Arica y Parinacota is diverse, with significant contributions from agriculture, mining, and tourism. The region's mild climate and fertile valleys support the cultivation of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Mining, particularly of copper and boron, is also an important industry, taking advantage of the region's rich mineral resources. Tourism is increasingly significant, with visitors drawn to the region's natural beauty, cultural heritage, and archaeological sites.

Culture

Arica y Parinacota is home to a rich cultural heritage that reflects the influence of indigenous peoples, Spanish colonization, and more recent immigrants. The region celebrates a variety of festivals and traditions, including the famous Carnaval Andino con la Fuerza del Sol, which showcases Andean music, dance, and costumes. The area is also known for its archaeological sites, such as the Chinchorro mummies, which offer insights into the region's ancient cultures.

Administration

The region is divided into two provinces: Arica and Parinacota. Each province is further subdivided into communes, which are administered by local governments. The regional government, led by an Intendant appointed by the President of Chile, is responsible for regional administration and development.