Aromatization

Aromatization is a biochemical process that involves the conversion of steroids into estrogens, a type of hormone. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatase, which is encoded by the CYP19A1 gene in humans. Aromatization plays a crucial role in the endocrine system, particularly in the regulation of sex hormones.

Biochemical Process

The process of aromatization involves the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from the carbon 19 of the steroid molecule, followed by the formation of an aromatic A-ring. This biochemical transformation is facilitated by the enzyme aromatase, which is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes.

Aromatase is found in various tissues throughout the body, including the gonads, brain, adipose tissue, and placenta. It is particularly abundant in the ovaries, where it plays a key role in the synthesis of estrogens from androgens.

Clinical Significance

Aromatization has significant implications in various medical conditions. For instance, excessive aromatization can lead to an overproduction of estrogens, which can contribute to the development of breast cancer and endometriosis. On the other hand, insufficient aromatization can result in estrogen deficiency, leading to conditions such as osteoporosis and menopause symptoms.

Inhibitors of aromatase, known as aromatase inhibitors, are commonly used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. These drugs work by blocking the action of aromatase, thereby reducing the levels of circulating estrogens.

See Also

• Steroidogenesis
• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Estrogen
• Aromatase inhibitor