Artemin

Artemin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARTN gene. Artemin is a member of the GDNF family of ligands which are a group of ligands within the TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules. GDNFs are unique in having neurotrophic properties and have potential use for gene therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Artemin has been shown in culture to support the survival of a number of peripheral neuron populations and at least one population of dopaminergic CNS neurons. Its role in the PNS and CNS is further substantiated by its expression pattern in the proximity of these neurons. This protein is a ligand for the RET receptor and uses GFR alpha 3 as a coreceptor.

Function

Artemin promotes the survival of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons in culture, and also supports the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mid-brain. Strong expression of artemin in the outer layers of the skin suggests an important role for artemin in the development and maintenance of the cutaneous nerve network. Artemin can also promote angiogenesis.

Clinical significance

Artemin has been shown to drive the growth of some cancers, including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. In addition, it may also play a role in the repair of injured peripheral nerves.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on ARTN
• Human ARTN on the UniProt website