Artocarpus integer

Berthe Hoola van Nooten38

Artocarpus integer, commonly known as cempedak, is a tropical fruit tree species in the family Moraceae. It is closely related to the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), sharing a similar appearance but is smaller in size. Native to Southeast Asia, Artocarpus integer is widely cultivated in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei for its fruit, which is considered a delicacy in the region.

Description

Artocarpus integer is a medium-sized evergreen tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. The tree's bark is smooth and dark brown, with a dense canopy of glossy, deep green leaves. The leaves are large, oval-shaped, and have a leathery texture. Cempedak trees are monoecious, with male and female flowers growing on the same tree. The fruit is elongated, cylindrical, and typically measures 30-50 cm in length and 15-20 cm in diameter. The skin of the fruit is thick, yellowish-green, and covered in small, spiky protrusions. The flesh of the fruit is soft, sweet, and fragrant, with a texture and taste that is often compared to that of the jackfruit, though some find it to be sweeter and more aromatic.

Cultivation

Artocarpus integer thrives in humid, tropical climates and is often found in lowland rainforests. It prefers well-drained, fertile soil and requires ample water for optimal growth. The tree begins to bear fruit three to four years after planting, with peak fruiting season varying by region. Cempedak can be propagated through seeds, although grafting is commonly used to ensure fruit quality and uniformity.

Uses

The fruit of Artocarpus integer is highly valued for its edible pulp, which can be eaten fresh or used in a variety of culinary applications. In Southeast Asia, cempedak is often fried, boiled, or added to desserts for its sweet, flavorful flesh. The seeds are also edible when cooked and are said to taste similar to chestnuts. Beyond its use as food, the wood of the cempedak tree is used in construction and furniture making due to its durability and resistance to termites.

Nutritional Value

Cempedak is rich in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. It is also a good source of carbohydrates and provides a moderate amount of protein and fat. The fruit's high nutritional value, combined with its unique flavor, makes it a popular choice among health-conscious consumers.

Conservation

While Artocarpus integer is not currently listed as endangered, the species faces threats from habitat loss and deforestation. Efforts to conserve cempedak and its natural habitat are crucial for ensuring the species' survival and the continued availability of this unique fruit.