Artocarpus mariannensis

Artocarpus mariannensis leaf

Artocarpus mariannensis, commonly known as the Marianas breadfruit, is a species of flowering plant in the Moraceae family, which is native to the Mariana Islands and other parts of Micronesia. This species is closely related to the more widely known breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), and shares many of its characteristics and uses.

Description

Artocarpus mariannensis is a tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. It has large, deeply cut, lobed leaves which are glossy and dark green. The trees produce both male and female flowers on the same individual (monoecious). The fruit of Artocarpus mariannensis is similar in appearance to that of Artocarpus altilis, but is generally smaller. The fruit's skin is green and its flesh is creamy white. It is known for its starchy texture and slightly sweet flavor when cooked.

Distribution and Habitat

Originally from the Mariana Islands, Artocarpus mariannensis has spread to various parts of Micronesia. It thrives in tropical climates and is often found in agroforestry systems, where it is planted alongside other crops. The tree prefers well-drained, fertile soils and can be found at a range of altitudes from sea level to upland areas.

Uses

The fruit of Artocarpus mariannensis is a traditional food source in the Mariana Islands and other parts of its range. It can be eaten raw, but is more commonly cooked, serving as a staple food similar to potatoes or yams. The fruit can be boiled, roasted, or made into various dishes. Beyond its use as food, the tree's wood is valued for its durability and resistance to termites, making it useful for construction and tool-making.

Conservation

While Artocarpus mariannensis is not currently listed as endangered, its habitat is threatened by deforestation, invasive species, and climate change. Efforts to conserve and propagate the species are important to maintain biodiversity and sustain traditional food systems in its native range.

Cultural Significance

In the cultures of the Mariana Islands, Artocarpus mariannensis holds significant cultural value. It is often associated with traditional practices and ceremonies. The tree and its fruit are symbols of fertility and abundance.