Asset-based community development

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Asset-based community development (ABCD) is a methodology for the sustainable development of communities based on their strengths and potentials. It involves identifying and mobilizing individual and collective assets within the community to create positive change and development from within rather than relying solely on external aid. ABCD focuses on community-driven development rather than development driven by external agencies.

Overview

Asset-based community development is grounded in the principles of appreciating and mobilizing individual and community talents, skills, and assets, rather than focusing on problems and needs. The approach emphasizes the importance of social networks, the power of local associations, and the abilities of local residents to drive development initiatives. ABCD encourages communities to look at what is available to them, and how they can use these assets to achieve their goals.

History

The concept of ABCD was developed in the early 1990s by John L. McKnight and Jody Kretzmann of the Asset-Based Community Development Institute at Northwestern University. They argued that traditional approaches to community development, which often focus on addressing deficiencies and needs, can undermine the ability of communities to manage their own development by fostering dependency on external resources.

Key Principles

• Asset Mapping: One of the first steps in ABCD is to identify the assets of individuals, associations, and institutions within the community. This can include skills, knowledge, relationships, and physical assets.
• Building Relationships: ABCD emphasizes the importance of building strong, mutually beneficial relationships within the community to leverage assets effectively.
• Citizen-Led Initiatives: Encouraging initiatives led by community members ensures that development efforts are grounded in local realities and aspirations.
• Leveraging Assets: Once assets are identified, the next step is to consider how they can be connected and mobilized to meet community goals.

Applications

ABCD has been applied in various contexts, including rural and urban development, health care, education, and economic development. By focusing on assets, communities can develop innovative and sustainable solutions to challenges they face.

Challenges and Criticisms

While ABCD has been praised for its positive focus and community empowerment, it has also faced criticism. Some argue that it may overlook systemic issues such as poverty and inequality, and that focusing solely on internal assets may not be sufficient to address complex social issues.

Conclusion

Asset-based community development represents a shift in how community development is approached, emphasizing internal strengths and capacities over external interventions. By focusing on what communities have, rather than what they lack, ABCD aims to build more sustainable, resilient, and empowered communities.