Atrioventricular septum

Atrioventricular Septum

The atrioventricular septum is a vital component of the heart's anatomy, separating the atria and ventricles. It plays a crucial role in the heart's function, ensuring the proper flow of blood between the heart's chambers and preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Structure

The atrioventricular septum is composed of two parts: the membranous part and the muscular part. The membranous part is the smaller and thinner portion, located at the base of the septum. The muscular part, also known as the septum inferius, is the larger and thicker portion, extending from the base to the apex of the heart.

Function

The primary function of the atrioventricular septum is to separate the atria and ventricles, preventing the direct flow of blood between these chambers. This ensures that the blood follows the correct path through the heart, from the atria to the ventricles, and then out to the body or lungs.

Clinical Significance

Defects in the atrioventricular septum can lead to serious heart conditions. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart defect where there are holes in the atrioventricular septum and abnormalities in the atrioventricular valves. This can result in the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis.

See Also

• Heart
• Atria
• Ventricles
• Atrioventricular septal defect