Attica

Aliki Anavyssou

Marathon-See - Staumauer 2011

Greece Cape Sounion BW 2017-10-09 10-12-43

Map athenian empire 431 BC-en

Brauron - Π-shaped stoa and Classical Bridge

Attica is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of Greece, and the surrounding countryside. It is located on the eastern edge of Central Greece and is bordered by the Aegean Sea to the east. The region has played a pivotal role in the development of Greek civilization and is considered the heartland of ancient Greek democracy, philosophy, and culture. Today, Attica is a vibrant and populous region, combining ancient historical sites with modern urban life.

Geography

Attica is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes coastal areas, mountains, and plains. The region is dominated by the Mount Parnitha, Mount Pentelicus, and Mount Hymettus, which are significant both for their natural beauty and their historical importance. The Saronic Gulf lies to the southwest, providing the region with a lengthy coastline that features several important ports, including Piraeus, the chief port of Greece.

History

The history of Attica is deeply intertwined with the history of Athens, which has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. During the Bronze Age, it was the site of the Mycenaean civilization, evidence of which is still visible in parts of the region. However, it was during the Classical period, particularly in the 5th century BCE, that Athens and Attica reached their zenith. This era saw the construction of many of the monuments that still define the Athenian landscape, such as the Parthenon, under the leadership of Pericles.

Following the classical era, Attica experienced periods of Macedonian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman rule, each leaving its mark on the region's cultural and architectural heritage. The region regained prominence in the 19th century, following the establishment of Athens as the capital of the modern Greek state.

Economy

The economy of Attica is the largest and most diverse in Greece, with the service sector dominating, particularly in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, culture, and education. The region is also an important industrial center in Greece, with sectors such as manufacturing and telecommunications playing significant roles. Tourism is another critical component of Attica's economy, driven by its rich historical and cultural attractions.

Culture

Attica is a cultural hub, not only for Greece but for the entire world, due to its ancient heritage. The region is home to numerous archaeological sites, museums, and cultural institutions, the most famous being the Acropolis of Athens. The National Archaeological Museum in Athens houses one of the most important collections of ancient Greek artifacts. Attica's cultural scene is vibrant, with numerous festivals, concerts, and art exhibitions held throughout the year.

Administration

The administrative region of Attica is divided into several regional units, with the Athens Metropolitan Area being the most significant. It encompasses the Central, North, South, West, and East sectors of Athens, along with the surrounding suburban areas and the islands of the Saronic Gulf.

Transportation

Attica boasts an extensive transportation network that includes the Athens International Airport, the Port of Piraeus, and a modern road and rail system. The Athens Metro and the Tramway serve the urban area, facilitating easy movement within the city and its suburbs.

Conclusion

Attica remains a region of immense historical, cultural, and economic significance. Its blend of ancient heritage and modern vitality continues to attract visitors from around the world and plays a crucial role in the cultural and economic life of Greece.