Automatic transmission fluid

Automatic transmission fluid - ATF - Automatikgetriebeöl IMG 6732

Mercon and Dexron ULV Fluids

Ölwanne Automatikgetriebe mit abgelagertem Ölschlamm IMG 6759

GM Hydra-Matic Fluid

Ford Type D ATF 1960

Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) is a type of hydraulic fluid specifically formulated for use in automatic transmissions in vehicles. It is a critical component that plays several key roles in the transmission system, including lubrication, cooling, and the transmission of power from the engine to the drivetrain. The properties of ATF allow it to change viscosity with temperature variations, providing optimal performance under different operating conditions.

Composition

ATF is made from a base oil, which can be mineral oil or synthetic oil, mixed with an array of additives. These additives enhance the fluid's properties, such as its viscosity, friction characteristics, and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The exact composition of ATF varies among manufacturers and the specific requirements of the transmission design.

Functions

The primary functions of ATF include:

• Lubrication: ATF lubricates the moving parts within the transmission, reducing friction and wear.
• Cooling: By circulating through the transmission, ATF helps to dissipate heat generated by the friction of moving parts and the compression of hydraulic circuits.
• Power Transmission: ATF acts as a hydraulic fluid, transmitting power from the engine to the transmission for gear changes.
• Cleaning and Protection: Additives in the ATF help to clean metal surfaces and protect against rust and corrosion.

Types

There are several types of ATF, each designed for specific types of transmissions and vehicles. These include:

• Dexron/Mercon: These are specifications set by General Motors and Ford, respectively, for ATF in their vehicles. There are multiple versions of each, reflecting advancements in technology and changes in automotive design.
• ATF+4: A specification developed by Chrysler for use in their vehicles.
• Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) Fluid: Specifically formulated for use in CVT systems, which differ mechanically from traditional automatic transmissions.
• Low Viscosity ATF: Designed for modern transmissions with tighter tolerances and higher efficiency requirements.

Maintenance

Regular maintenance of ATF is crucial for the longevity and performance of an automatic transmission. Over time, the fluid can degrade due to heat, friction, and contamination, leading to reduced lubrication and cooling efficiency. Vehicle manufacturers typically recommend ATF replacement intervals in the owner's manual, which can vary based on the vehicle model and usage conditions.

Changing ATF

Changing ATF involves draining the old fluid, cleaning the transmission pan and replacing the filter (if applicable), and then refilling with new fluid. It is important to use the correct type of ATF as specified by the vehicle manufacturer to ensure optimal performance and avoid damage to the transmission.

Environmental Concerns

Disposal of used ATF must be done properly to prevent environmental contamination. Used ATF contains harmful chemicals and metals that can pollute waterways and harm wildlife. Recycling is the preferred method of disposal, and many service centers and automotive parts stores accept used ATF for recycling.

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